Steve Roach interviewed

By Ned Raggett – March 10, 2017. Previously published on Red Bull Music Academy.

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Synth musician Steve Roach on tapping into currents of sound

A master of meditative soundscapes shares his creative philosophies

Introduction

Steve Roach followed his enthusiastic interest in experimental electronic and progressive music as a young man in California in the 1970s. Now, Steve stands as one of the core figures in the open-ended field. His daunting, astonishingly rich catalog of albums, covers solo work as well as a multitude of collaborations. His work ranges from cold, grim sequencer voyages, through blackest space and to warm, bright evocations of vast landscapes. The Arizona desert, where Steve and his family have made their home for decades, inspires him.

Steve Roach

While his landmark 1984 release Structures from Silence has received due praise in recent years, any number of other releases deserve recognition. His one-off collaboration with guitarist Roger King, 1998’s Dust to Dust, captures an eerily beautiful sensibility of the high desert. Steve’s multi-volume Immersion series from the mid-2000s, explores a series of detailed and sublime compositions measuring hours in length. A contrast can be found in 2012’s Back To Life, which is just as immersive, but likewise feels free and open. Back To life is a movement through space as much as time.

In February 2017, Steve Roach released his latest effort: The Passing. It’s an hour-long composition that he completed and made public on his 62nd birthday. In this career-spanning interview, Steve Roach discusses his creative background and writing process. He will discuss questions of time and language that persist in his work and advice for younger artists in the field.

Ned Raggett asks:

I would like to start with the creative impulse. What, where and when was your first sense of a particular creative or artistic accomplishment that you did in any field?

Steve Roach tells:

Before music I was drawn towards using my hands and painting, some sculpting and working with material. The compulsion to make something from nothing emerged when I was a young teenager. It became really at the forefront for me in terms of what I was drawn towards. I was starting to paint on my own. I worked with that kind of spontaneous expression with color and shape and form, in a nontraditional, completely freeform environment. Also, I wasn’t taking classes or receiving instructions from anyone. I was just following these inner impulses to create something expressive.

At that time, I would say it was quite connected to a lot of time I was spending in the desert areas of Southern California, out beyond San Diego and the Anza-Borrego desert. There was something there that really opened doors for me of this kind of space and this kind of creative process. It seemed almost like a birthright, like something I was discovering through that process of doing it. Certainly early music from the early days inspired me. For example, the early progressive and electronic music, the early music from the Berlin school, Klaus Schulze and Tangerine Dream. And also Pink Floyd of course. The longer tracks, and tracks that had no vocals and were more what you would think of as sound paintings at that time, were already lighting me up in those ways.

At that time, I would say it was quite connected to a lot of time I was spending in the desert areas of Southern California, out beyond San Diego and the Anza-Borrego desert.

That was setting the stage for when I then would first find an affordable portable synthesizer in the late ’70s. That would have been the ARP 2600, the first full-blown synthesizer that I saw in a local store, and combined with hearing the music from Europe, that whole progression became so powerful, so appealing and almost compulsive that I had to have it – to start shifting that sense of painting and shaping and working from abstract forms into forms that seemed more architectural, but formed and shaped in a way that I was almost tasting and seeing in visual form.

Steve Roach during the soundcheck at SoundQuest 2010

I had a lot of the aspects of the arts from a painting and sculpting state of mind. Hence that with sound, once I got my hands on those instruments, it was like I already knew the process. I had this sense of, “I know how to do this.” So, I continued through my own process of teaching myself how to work with it. It was just like a classic woodshedding story, where you lock yourself in your little space for as many hours of the day or night that you could.

Ned Raggett asks:

You’ve spoken in other interviews in some detail about tactile creation via your chosen instruments. Could you say a little more about the sense of physical approach? And how do you contrast it with what might be less fulfilling approaches?

Steve Roach tells:

It’s interesting, because I was just looking at some soft synth instruments that I was looking to explore. I’m basically 99.9 percent a hardware instrument composer of electronic music. They have knobs and sliders and there’s a feel to them. They have a whole unique combination of aspects to them that you can identify with. It’s the same way a guitarist might identify with a Telecaster or a Stratocaster, or whatever different guitar attracts him.

But beyond all that would be the sound itself, the quality that one synthesizer at that time would make over another. The subtlety and the nuance that comes from the analog synthesizer and the analog experience, is something that is the throughline through all of my work. It exists all the way up to this morning, when I woke up and was carving sounds out on another hardware synth that I’m exploring and working with right now.

That’s the connection to an instrument I like so much. A hardware instrument has zero latency and you’re not interfacing with what seems like a facsimile of a controller into a computer or something like that. Soft synths are so sophisticated now, I know, and there are so many options there that are off the chart. Also, there’s a whole universe of comparisons that you can make now. But I tried to do that, and I just keep coming back to hardware instruments. The experience of creating with soft synths just doesn’t have that same kind of engagement and that same kind of flow.

It’s just fun. It’s a real experience of just connecting with a synth that has a really good design. A design that has an ergonomic flow and no screen. So, you don’t lose yourself into the visual. You can really lose yourself into visual with the screen tracking everything. Then I find that you start to stop listening or hearing in the same way when you take away that element and you just are working through the sound field, meditating, staring, focusing intently on the space between the speakers with no screen. That’s a powerful place.

Just a slight, tiny little adjustment of a few different knobs can make a universe of emotionally engaged difference and perception.

I do use the computer for recording and for arranging and for building my pieces; it’s invaluable. I couldn’t imagine not having a workstation for the nonlinear approach to building these worlds that I do. But in that way, I guess the parallel would be if you’re a filmmaker, then you’re out shooting scenes of things that happen. You’re capturing performances between actors, you’re capturing light shifting in the afternoon with some occurrence that happen there, and you’re completely tuned into that as the experience that you’re capturing.

Steve Roach performing at SoundQuest 2010

That’s how I record. So much of my music is more in that context where you’re capturing a living, breathing experience. An experience that’s happening right between your very ears and in front of your eyes. You’re shaping it and carving upon it at the most subtle level that the analog stuff brings. Just a slight, tiny little adjustment of a few different knobs, can make a universe of emotionally engaged difference and perception.

So, while that’s happening, I’m recording all of this constantly in the studio. A lot of times I record it as a stereo file. There’ll be maybe 30, 40 tracks up on that board. I have a large analog mixing console to go along with all the different instruments. Then the board itself becomes a palette where the artist mixes his paint. So, between the paint-mixing, the levels, the synth, the dialing in and tuning of all these interrelationships between the instruments while they’re running live, then the processing, the reverb, the hands-on aspect of the board itself – I mean, the board is one massive instrument. That’s really another big piece in my music.

Now the way I have evolved as an electronic music artist and what remains important to me. Starting at the top, the list would be just the emotional impact of the sound, and then right there, almost at the same level, is how you’re extracting it. I mean, how you’re tuning into it with your body. If your body’s an instrument, which I feel it is for me – it’s one of the first instruments – then the tools, the surgical tools of sonic surgery, just need to be something that I have this relationship that I’ve also built and developed over almost 40 years. So, all of those are important things to stay connected to and to not give up.

Ned Raggett asks:

How does the conception of time figure into the limitations of recording technology in this sense? You’ve seen everything from the specific limits in terms of how much music can be on vinyl, on cassettes and on CDs. Now, the online presentation can give you theoretically infinite space. Is there a constant struggle between where and how to draw the lines. Or how to act as an editor of your own work?

Steve Roach tells:

The dynamic of the listening process is still completely as vital as ever. This dynamic is about the idea that something is going on too long or not long enough. Now we can have basically an eternal space where I can just broadcast it out.

Let’s say I’ve set up a station on one of my sites. I can have music and dronescapes and all that sort of things just going on from here ’til the end of electricity. That’s a world that I really love to live in. This whole immersion world, and the Immersion series I started years ago, really grew out of wanting to not leave the sound current. I always connect to this sense that there’s sound running in this current all the time, all around me. And I’m tapping into it. I’m reaching and grabbing a section of it for a while and shaping. Then I’m presenting it out into a form that captures a certain limited sense of time.

Steve Roach’s album Dreamtime Return (1988)

Somehow the CD became a 74-minute medium. And now through different ways of presenting files, compressed or whatnot, you can have things extend for a long time. You can have a live broadcast of something running off into infinity. The idea of composition and the way I work with time, and the way I work with sonic motifs, can be completely abstract or completely unique to themselves. When I say “motifs” I’m moving beyond what would be a melody or a harmonic chord structure. But it’s something that’s prevalent in electronic music, these episodes of sound that become signatures.

There’s still an aesthetic to them that you can connect to and listen to and engage with. At a certain point you have to know when it’s overstayed its welcome, for example. Or when something has made the statement and it needs to shift into the next place. Or that sometimes something cannot sustain or breathe long enough to let you settle into the space and let your body engage with it.

There’s a big piece of the music that emerges from body awareness. Also, there’s the conscious mind awareness. And then there’s the subtle energy awareness of something that can play forever. I would learn early on I would have certain pieces that would be too short, essentially, and I would hear from listeners that it was too short. “I wanted to hear it for another 45 minutes.” And I would agree with that in some cases.

But especially in the days when I moved away from the influences of the European electronic music, I kept a consciously interest in shortening pieces, making a point and then moving to the next place. That way it evolved to where it made the statement within a seven or eight minute space. And this would be a shorter time frame when you grew up listening to 30 minute sides of an album.

There’s a big piece of the music that emerges from body awareness. Also, there’s the conscious mind awareness. And then there’s the subtle energy awareness of something that can play forever.

Eventually I would return to the longer forms. That’s probably what my preference is now, to have these movements happen within these longer forms to that sense of altering of time where you’re slowing time down. Where you take markers of time out of that space. Where you’re in this continuous amniotic fluid and you’re almost floating in a womb-like state that’s not just ‘tape some keys down on a keyboard and then make lunch and come back.’

During listening to sustained drone zone music, if you’re fully engaged with it, you’ll notice there’s a whole thing happening down at a molecular level with that stuff, way down inside. There where movement, interaction and layers all work together in the way that, when you see large-scale abstract paintings that have a vibration and a frequency, there’s this compelling, magnetic quality to them that pulls you in. Subsequently, it lets you experience yourself outside of normal perception. It enhances your perception and expands your boundaries of your perception at the same time.

The new piece I just released called The Passing came together quickly. I like to release a piece or do a concert or do something to mark that moment in time when I celebrate another birthday. And so this one, through Bandcamp, finishes up the thought with your sense of when something goes on too long, or “what’s the timing on it” or “too short.”

It’s this theme I created in the mid-’90s for a compilation, and at that time it just felt so truncated and unrealized. It was really like a sketch that normally I wouldn’t have let out into the world. It had so much energy to it and had this emotional resonance to it that felt like it needed my permission to breathe and to develop. So, it took a lot of years later, but that inspired me a few weeks ago just in terms of the emotion in the piece.

Ned Raggett asks:

Album and song titles, by default, provide a linguistic context to your work that otherwise has no such element, in terms of there not being any lyrics. Do you struggle with the “right” titles for albums or songs? Or is it more casual or random or easy than that?

Steve Roach tells:

I wish it was casual, random and easy. It is that, sometimes. But it’s still having a title that has a very significant and profound connection to the piece. Let’s say I work on a piece that’s come through just from the direct experience of all these different influences that bring me into the studio and create the desire to go in this direction or that direction. It can be spontaneous, it can be completely unconnected to what I thought I was going in to do. But, ultimately the titles are so important in the music in terms of the reflection, that they can shine upon your perception when you hear the title. Then you see the cover and then you hear the music. Finally, then those things can work together for me.

It’s like a door that has three locks on it. All three of those locks can have even more impact if those words resonate with the feeling in the music. Also, the cover image connects congruently to that. So, you think of Structures from Silence, or [1988’s] Dreamtime Return, for example, at a certain point the words will start emerging, shaping and carving the album into shape.

If nothing’s come through by the time that I’m at the mastering stage, then I just put full focus on listening. Sometimes I listen all afternoon into the evening. And I just keep going deeper and deeper, into the place that the music’s taking me without any engagement of technical aspects like EQ or mastering. I’m just listening to it in a way that’s active and stimulating the mythic imagination. I let the music take me to the places that I’m hoping that it takes the listeners to.

Sometimes it takes quite a while to birth the title after the music is complete. I’ll have that discussion with Sam Rosenthal who runs Projekt Records. We’ve got everything ready – we might even have the album cover ready to go, and there’s no titles on anything. It’s sitting there waiting for that stage. I can take it that far into the birthing process of finding that. But I’ll always have working titles, or usually have working titles or words that convey the feeling.

Sometimes it takes quite a while to birth the title after the music is complete.

If I’m talking to visual artists, then I’ll use those kinds of descriptions to help draw material through visually. Or else I’ll take photos myself or do whatever it takes. Really, it’s a complete engagement. It’s way more complex than I think a lot of people would be aware of from the outside. These people might just think: “Well, he’s having fun cranking out some music, and now he’s got this album out.”

Then, the details that go in behind the scenes with the mastering and the subtlety that goes on there. I’m really having some great success working with Howard Givens, who owns the Spotted Peccary label with partners. His whole setup is ultra high-end, analog front-end mastering tools. It’s making a big difference for me. Also, I can hear it and I can see it in the response. So, between Howard and Sam with that end of the production, we’ve got a great team. I’m just grateful to be working with those guys at this point.

Steve Roach and equipment

Ned Raggett asks:

If a younger artist in any field approaches you and asks for advice or even a simple suggestion about what to keep in mind for the future, what would be your response?

Steve Roach tells:

I would probably first ask them questions about their creative process to get a sense of what it is that attracts them. Then I would ask them what they’re aiming to express. Finally, I would have to ask them if they come to me and if they have interest in what I’m doing, regardless of their age or my age, or just the art form itself. I would share the techniques that we’ve talked about in this interview thus far. Also, I would talk about their connection to themselves as a person before they approach any instrument or any tool. It’s just getting their intention and their clarity. I also would like getting a wide view of what it is they’re wanting to express.

It may be so that they don’t quite understand it enough yet to articulate it with words. Still the aim is finding that emotional landscape to draw from, and then trying to stay connected to what really feels right for them. For them as artists that is, rather than let themselves seduce by all the newest, most recent innovations in technology or the flavor-of-the-month stuff. I know it’s quite affordable, and they can build a whole studio’s worth of material inside of a MacBook Pro. But it doesn’t take much to bring in a few hardware pieces that just give you that hands-on subtlety. Really listen and draw from the things that inspire them. It could be musically or non-musically, but find the pulse inside of that.

I would probably first ask them questions about their creative process to get a sense of what it is that attracts them. Then I would ask them what they’re aiming to express.

I just also remind younger listeners when they respond to some of my classic titles like Structures or Dreamtime, that those were all created on what would be considered very archaic, very simple equipment at that time. There’s this sense that I wanted to defy the technology all the way along. It really didn’t matter what I was using; I would use things that people would come back around and say: “You used that? To create that? Recorded that on a four-track or a cassette player?” I have a lot of pieces that I recorded on a Nakamichi cassette player and captured at that level. That’s basically the multifaceted question towards a younger composer of today.

 

Steve Roach performing at AMBIcon 2013 ambient music conference, May 5, 2013, San Rafael, CA